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East
Coast Alerts
By
Mel Neale
July 24, 2008
Reduced Schedule in Dismal Swamp Canal:
The
USCG 5th District LNM 30 announces that due* to low water depth
in Lake Drummond, beginning 23 July, 2008 and until further notice,
the locks at Deep Creek, VA and at South Mills, NC and their adjacent
drawbridges will be operated only at 9:00 A.M. and 3:00 P. M. , 7 days
a week. For vessels unable to comply with the reduced schedule, the
Albemarle and Chesapeake Canal, through the Great Bridge Lock in Chesapeake,
VA will maintain all scheduled openings.
*Italicized
text above and below indicates our comment or paraphrase. Plain
text is copied from the Notices to Mariners or other sources given.
Lockwoods Folly
Inlet Crossing of the ICW—Continued Severe Shoaling:
There
is a new USACE Wilmington District survey of Lockwoods Folly Inlet Crossing
of the ICW, completed on July 17, 2008. The survey shows continued severe shoaling
in the ICW channel. Waypoints are given for the deepest water and two are outside
of the marked channel (as marked on the date of the survey but these may change).
Green cans 47 and 47A as well as red nuns 46 and 48 are indicated. Channel
depths at green can 47 are noted as 0.0 feet. The controlling depth along the
waypoint route as shown on the survey date is 6 feet at mean low water. Check http://www.saw.usace.army.mil/nav/AIWW/CFLR/T11.pdf .*
Clean Boating Act of 2008 Passes Congress:
From
a BoatUS Press Release:
ALEXANDRIA, VA, July 22, 2008 - In a remarkable display of bipartisan support
for recreational boating, both the House and Senate today passed S. 2766, "The
Clean Boating Act of 2008" which will permanently restore a long-standing
exemption for recreational boats from permitting requirements under the Clean
Water Act. The legislation now goes to the White House for the President's
signature.
Congressional
action was spawned by a U.S. District Court decision in September 2006 under
which an estimated 17 million recreational boats would have fallen under Clean
Water Act permit requirements effective September 30, 2008. The permit would
have dictated maintenance and operation procedures and potentially subjected
boaters to citizen lawsuits as well as a penalty system designed for industrial
polluters.
Check http://www.boatus.com/gov/default.asp?WT.mc_id=100029 for
details and history.
National Marina Day:
August
9, 2008 has been declared to be National Marina Day by the Marina Association.
Their goal, according to their Mission Statement at https://www.marinaassociation.org/nmd/ is the
education of politicians, civic leaders and the public about the important
role the marina industry plays in cities and towns across the nation as family-friendly
gateways to boating and stewards of the environment.
This goal
is achieved through the promotion of nationwide marina focused events with
local flavor that educate politicians, civic leaders, and the public about
the value of the marina industry to cities and towns across America. Make plans
today to support this mission by planning a National Marina Day event at your
facility.
Check
your marina for any planned festivities. For example, one of our favorite
marinas, Camachee Cove Yacht Harbor in St. Augustine, Florida is planning a day
long event, free to the public, with emphasis on fun and education. Their theme
is a Pirate Day. If you’re in the area, join the celebration at 3070
Harbor Drive, at the base of the Vilano Bridge. Check www.camacheeisland.com or
call 904 829 5676 for details.
New Special Anchorages in Northeast:
From the USCG 1st District LNM 29, effective August 7, 2008:
The
Coast Guard hereby establishes Gull Point (PT) Special Anchorage area in
the Weymouth Fore River, Weymouth, Massachusetts. This action is necessary
to facilitate safe navigation and provide a safe and secure anchorage for
vessels of not more than 65 feet in length. This action is intended to
increase the safety of life and property in the Weymouth Fore River, improve
the safety of anchored vessels, and provide for the overall safe and efficient
flow of vessel traffic and commerce.
The Coast
Guard hereby establishes Crotch Island Special Anchorage in Stonington, Maine,
on Deer Island Thorofare, Penobscot Bay. This action is necessary to facilitate
safe navigation and provide a safe and secure anchorage for vessels of not
more than 65 feet in length. This action is intended to increase the safety
of life and property on Deer Island Thorofare, improve the safety of anchored
vessels, and provide for the overall safe and efficient flow of vessel traffic
and commerce.
Pipe Laying Offshore of Massachusetts:
USCG
1st District LNM 29 reports that Neptune pipe laying is being done 15 July
- 8 August, 2008 in (PA) from 42-29-08N 070-40-35W to 42-27-09N 070-36-21W.
The hours of operation will be 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. On scene will
be the M/V NORTHERN CANYON & LONE STAR. (SEE CHART ENCLOSURE, LNM 28)
Navy Research Buoys, Also Offshore of Massachusetts:
From
the USCG 1st District LNM 29:
SIX ORANGE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH BUOYS, MARKED WITH THE WORDS U.S.NAVY HAVE BEEN
PLACED IN THE FOLLOWING POSITIONS:
42-53.10N / 070-39.68W
42-52.86N / 070-39.68W
42-52.53N / 070-39.67W
42-52.07N / 070-39.62W
42.51.59N / 070-39.07W
42-51.04N / 070-39.67W.
ALL MARINERS ARE URGED TO USE CAUTION WHILE TRANSITING THE AREA.
New NDZ Request Comment Period:
From
the 1st District LNM 29:
SUMMARY: Notice is hereby given that a petition has been received from the
State of New York requesting a determination by the Regional Administrator,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, that adequate facilities for the safe
and sanitary removal and treatment of sewage from all vessels are reasonably
available for Hempstead Harbor, Nassau County, New York. The waters of the
proposed No Discharge Zone fall within the jurisdictions of the Town of North
Hempstead, the Town of Oyster Bay, the County of Nassau, the City of Glen Cove
and the Villages of Sea Cliff, Roslyn Harbor, Roslyn, Flower Point and Sands
Point. These entities, through the New York Department of State and the Hempstead
Harbor Protection Committee prepared the application for the designation of
a Vessel Waste No Discharge Zone, which was submitted by the New York State
Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC).
DATES: Comments
regarding this tentative determination are due by August 14, 2008.
ADDRESSES: Submit your comments using one of the following methods:
E-mail: olander.james@epa.gov.
Fax: (212) 637-3887.
Mail and hand
delivery: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency--Region 2, 290 Broadway, 24th
Floor, New York, NY 10007-1866. Deliveries are only accepted during the Regional
Office's normal hours of operation (8 a.m.-5 p.m., Monday through Friday,
excluding legal holidays), and special arrangements should be made for deliveries
of boxed information. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: James L. Olander,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency--Region 2, 290 Broadway, 24th Floor,
New York, NY 10007-1866. Telephone: (212) 637-3833, Fax number: (212) 637-3887;
e-mail address: olander.james@epa.gov .
The notice is
available at http://homeport.uscg.mil/newyork > Waterways
Management > 02. Advisory Notices .
Shellfish Ban in NDZ:
The 1st
District LNM 29 contains the following info regarding banning the taking of
shellfish from a No Discharge Zone, due to the potential for sewage discharges
from MSDs: The New York State Department of Environmental Conservation
will temporarily designate all of Three Mile Harbor, Town of East Hampton,
as UNCERTIFIED for the harvest of shellfish for the period July 22- July 26,
2006, both dates inclusive. The harvest of shellfish from UNCERTIFIED waters
is prohibited. This designation is necessary to protect public health and is
required due to the potential for sewage discharges from marine sanitation
devices aboard the large number of transient vessels that will anchor and remain
overnight in Three Mile Harbor. Boaters should be aware that all the waters
in the Peconic-Gardiners Bay estuary, including Three Mile Harbor, are designated
as a No Discharge Zone. Boaters in these areas are required to use pump out
facilities when they empty their holding tanks. The Town of East Hampton Trustees
operate a pump out boat and the Town Harbormaster-s office at Gann Road has
a self-serve facility, both at no fee for the boater. The town-s pump out boat
can be contacted using marine radio VHF channel 73. The Three Mile Harbor fireworks
display is scheduled for the evening of July 22. If necessary, a rain date
is scheduled for July 23. Further information is available during normal working
hours by calling the NYSDEC Shellfisheries Section at (631) 444-0475, after
hours, (631) 444-0480 or the Town of East Hampton at (631) 324-6393.
Signs of Summer--Swimming Pool Barge in the Bronx:
The
USCG 1st District LNM 28 reports that the Department of Parks and Recreation
of the City of New York has positioned a 260- X 80 feet swimming pool barge
on the Bronx Shore at Barretto Point Park, located at Tiffany Street and Viele
Avenue (see diagram). The barge is positioned perpendicular to the shore bow
out, and it is held in position with anchors fore and aft. There are two gangways
leading from the stern of the barge to the shore. The off shore anchors are
marked with anchor buoys. The barge will remain at this location until September
1, 2008. Mariners are advised to manage their speed through this area so as
to produce no wake when passing the barge, particularly between the hours of
1100 to 1900 daily.
Ambrose Channel Extension Project Info:
The following
announcements concerning the new Ambrose Channel (New York Harbor entrance)
marking system are contained in the USCG 1st District LNMs 28 and 29. See our
last East Coast Alerts for the long list of buoys and lights that will be changed.
The
Coast Guard will be making the following changes to this waterway:
DISESTABLISH Ambrose Light.
Mariners are
advised all weather/navigational information provided by Ambrose Light will
cease until further notice.
On
July 21 the Coast Guard will begin the Ambrose Channel extension project.
Two Coast Guard Buoy Tenders will be establishing, relocating and re-numbering
aids to navigation beginning with Ambrose channel LWB "A" and end
with Ellis Island LGB 31. This project should take approximately 7 days to
complete. The coast guard cutters will be working during daylight hours only.
Mariners should consult the latest local notice to mariners for positions
and buoy re-numbering scheme and use caution when transiting in this area.
The
Captain of the Port New York has established a temporary safety zone within
a 250 yard radius of Ambrose Light at 40-27-00N, 073-48-00W, and approximately
8.35 nm east of Sandy Hook, NJ. This rule is effective until further notice.
In accordance with the general regulations in 33 CFR 165.23, entry into, transiting,
or anchoring within this safety zone is prohibited unless authorized by the
Captain of the Port New York, or his on-scene representative. On-scene representative
means any commissioned, warrant, and petty officers of the Coast Guard on board
Coast Guard, Coast Guard Auxiliary, and local state, and federal law enforcement
vessels who have been authorized to act on behalf of the Captain of the Port,
New York.
Sunken Boat, Sandy Hook Bay:
From
the USCG 1st District LNM 28: A 17 foot sunken vessel has been reported
in (PA) 40-27.971'N, 074-01.761'W, approximately 950 yards southeast of Terminal
Channel LB 1. Mariners are advised to transit the area with caution and report
any updates to Coast Guard Sector New York.
Dredging Update,
Raritan Bay, New Jersey:
From
the USCG 1st District LNM 29: The Army Corps of Engineers Hopper
Dredge MCFARLAND will be conducting maintenance dredging in Ward Point Bend
and Seguine Point Bend reaches in Raritan Bay and Sandy Hook Channel between
Jul 12 and Sep 18, 2008. Tentative schedule for these dredging locations are
Jul 12-24 in Raritan Bay, Aug 8-21 and Sep 5-18 in Raritan Bay and Sandy Hook
Channel. The MCFARLAND is AIS equipped, will be monitoring VHF Channels 13,
14, & 16, and can move with 15 minutes notice.
Margate Bridge,
NJICW, Restrictions:
From
the USCG 5th District Bridge Office: Mariners are advised that
structural steel repairs along with sandblasting and painting are continuing
that require short-term restrictions at the Margate Bridge, at ICW mile 74.0,
across Beach Thorofare in Margate, NJ. These short-term restrictions
require immobilizing half of the draw span to single-leaf operation each
day with a work barge occupying one-half of the 58-foot wide channels under
the bridge, so passage through the bridge will be limited to a 29-foot width
for the duration of the project during the following dates and times:
1) Beginning at 7 a.m. on Wed Jul 30 through 11:59 p.m. on Thu Jul
31; and
2) Beginning at 7 a.m. on Mon Aug 4 through 11:59 on Thu Aug 7.
The opposite connecting span while not under repair will continue to open
for vessels with at least a half-hour advance notice given to the bridge
tender at (609) 822-9175 or via marine radio on channel 13 VHF. Also, mariners
requiring the full opening of the lift spans or the full width of the channel
under the bridge will be directed to use the Atlantic Ocean as the alternate
route between Absecon and Great Egg Harbor Inlets. Mariners should exercise
caution when transiting the area.
Barnegat Inlet, NJ Dredging:
From
the USCG 5th District LNM 29: The Dredge FULLERTON will be conducting dredging
operations in Oyster Creek Channel between Oyster Creek Buoy 33 and Oyster
Creek Buoy 40 from 11 July until 01 August, 2008. The dredge will monitor channels
13 and 16 VHF-FM.
New NOAA Nav Aids, Solomons Area:
The 5th
District LNM 30 states that effective July 18, 2008, through August 25,
2008, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration has deployed two
yellow temporary floating aids to navigation in the vicinity of Patuxent Naval
Air Station and Solomons Island, MD. The first is deployed in the Chesapeake
Bay approximately 1 nm south of Cedar Point, in position 38° 16 45.0N -
076° 22 30.0W. The second is deployed in the Patuxent River near the University
of Maryland, Chesapeake Biological Laboratory's pier on Solomons Island, in
position 38° 19 02.0N - 076° 27 02.5W. The surface buoys are approximately
2 feet in diameter and display a yellow flashing light 5 times every 20 seconds.
Mariners are advised to keep a sharp lookout for these private aids to navigation
and maintain a safe distance when transiting these areas. Questions or concerns
about these temporary aids to navigation should be directed to LT Michael Davidson,
NOAA at 410-610-8361.
Another Interpretive Buoy in Chesapeake Bay:
Also
from 5th District LNM 30: On or about July 19, 2008, National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration, Chesapeake Bay Office, will establish a lighted
data buoy in association with NOAA's Chesapeake Bay Interpretive Buoy System
(http://noaa.chesapeakebay.net/CbayBuoySystem.aspx).
1. NOAA Lighted Data Buoy SR (Stingray Point) at 37 34 03.00N, 076 15 44.40W,
Fl Y 4s
Comment Period on Planned New Bridge, Norfolk Area ICW:
The following
Public Notice was published in the USCG 5th District LNM 30. Your comments
are requested: The U.S. Coast Guard has received an application from the
Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) for the proposed
replacement of the existing Henry G. Gilmerton Bridge, at AIWW mile 5.8, across
the Southern Branch Elizabeth River, on Route 13 (Military Highway), in the
City of Chesapeake, VA. VDOT proposes to replace the existing 4-lane double-leaf
bascule bridge, and its approaches with a new 4-lane vertical-lift bridge and
new approaches on essentially the same alignment. The existing approach piers
will be demolished to approximately two feet below the mud line. The existing
bascule piers including the timber piles will be removed in their entirety,
with a new fender system being constructed. The proposed vertical clearances
in the closed and open positions of the new lift bridge are 36.75 feet and
136.9 feet both above mean high water, respectively. The proposed minimum and
maximum horizontal clearances between the faces of the fender system are 125
feet and 222 feet, respectively. Comments on the proposed construction of the
new bridge should be forwarded to the above address attention (dpb) no later
than July 30, 2008. Copies of Public Notice 5-1117, which describe the proposal
in detail, can be obtained by writing to the above address or by calling (757)398-6422.
New Range on Cape Fear River, NC:
From
the USCG 5th District LNM 29: On or about 15 July, 2008 the Coast Guard
intends to reconstruct Upper Brunswick Range Front Light and Upper Brunswick
Range Rear Light. Both the Range Rear and Range Front lights will be extinguished
during the reconstruction phase which is expected to take 5-10 days. Upon completion
the range will advertise the following characteristics:
Upper Brunswick
Range Front Light QR, height 40FT Lighted throughout 24 hours. Day: Visible
0.5 degrees either side of rangeline. Night: Visible all around with higher
intensity on rangeline.
Upper
Brunswick Range Rear Light ISO R 6s height 60FT Lighted throughout 24 hours.
Visible 0.5 degrees either side of rangeline.
GPS Unreliable:
From
the USCG 5th District LNM 30: THE GPS NAVIGATION SIGNAL MAY BE UNRELIABLE
FROM 0100-0300 ZULU 21-29 JULY 2008 DUE TO INTERFERENCE TESTING ON GPS FREQUENCIES
USED IN SHIPBOARD NAVIGATION AND HANDHELD SYSTEMS. GPS SYSTEMS THAT RELY ON
GPS, SUCH AS E-911, AIS AND DSC, MAY BE AFFECTED WITHIN A 246 NM RADIUS OF
POSITION 033° 39' 00N, 075° 22' 00.W DURING THIS PERIOD GPS USERS ARE
ENCOURAGED TO REPORT ANY GPS SERVICE OUTAGES THAT THEY MAY EXPERIENCE DURING
THIS TESTING VIA THE NAVIGATION INFORMATION SERVICE (NIS) BY CALLING (703)313-5900
OR BY USING THE NAVCEN'S WEB SITE'S GPS REPORT A PROBLEM WORKSHEET AT WWW.NAVCEN.USCG.GOV
Waterway Restrictions, North Myrtle Beach, SC:
The
USCG 7th District LNM 30 announces restrictions and/or waterway closures
at the North Myrtle Beach Connecter Bridge under construction at Mile 347.3.
Restrictions and/or closure periods will occur during girder placement across
the waterway. Announcements of these restrictions and/or closure periods
will be broadcast on VHF Channel 22 prior to the event. Tug Chicksawwill
will stand by on VHF 13 and 16 for traffic. This part of the construction
is expected to be complete by September 30, 2008.
Dates
for partial obstruction of the channel are: July 28, August 6, 15 and 26,
and September 4 and 15, 2008.
Lake Okeechobee
Report:
We
checked http://www.saj.usace.army.mil/conops/structures/navbulln.htm for
the latest depth figures on the Okeechobee Waterway:
As
of July 22, 2008: The lake level is reported to be 10.45 feet.
Route 1: Navigational depths: reported at 4.39 feet.
Route 2 (the Rim Canal) is closed with navigational depths of 1.79 feet.
Route 2 has been closed since Hurricane Wilma in 2005.\
This
is up 5.16 inches from the last report we gave two weeks ago, and up
over one foot in the past month. It’s finally the rainy season.
Diving Operations in Port Everglades ICW:
From
the 7th District LNM 30: Dial Cordy and Associates Inc., has commenced
scientific diving surveys in the Intracoastal Waterway and the Dania Cut-Off
Canal in the vicinity of Port Everglades, Florida under contract with the Florida
Inland Navigation District. This operation will be completed on or about August
15, 2008. For complete text of location, vessel descriptions, personnel, contacts,
and contact information see enclosure number 9.
Testing Buoys Offshore South Florida:
The
USCG 7th District LNM 30 announces three separate testing buoy launches:
1. The U.S. Navy,
South Florida Testing Facility (SFTF) has advised that an offshore mooring
buoy and three (3) inert targets have been installed within one (1) mile
of the following coordinates:
AMNS Buoy/Target
Test Area: 26 degrees 00.250N 079 degrees 58.525W
The targets
will be removed on or before August 8, 2008. The mooring will be removed on
August 9, 2008. The mooring buoy is conical shaped, eight (8) foot in diameter,
twelve (12) foot in height, and white with orange stripes. Approximately 7-8
feet of the buoy will be above the waterline, and lighted with flashing amber
lights.
The flash sequence is three (3) flashes at one (1) per second, then seven (7)
seconds off repeating every ten (10) seconds. For further information please
contact Mr. Anthony Bush at (954) 926-4032 (office) 0r (954)290-9300 (cell).
2. The U.S. Navy, South Florida Testing Facility (SFTF) will be installing
offshore Fort Lauderdale, Florida, inert targets from August 13, 2008 to August
27, 2008, at the following coordinates:
RMS Operation Area:
26 degrees 04.140N 080 degrees 05.560W
26 degrees 04.140N 080 degrees 02.500W
25 degrees 53.700N 080 degrees 05.560W
25 degrees 53.700N 080 degrees 03.000W
The inert
targets will be installed using a vessel under direct U.S. Navy charter. The
vessel will be working in water depths ranging from 60 feet to 600 feet. All
vessels are requested to stay clear of this offshore project.
For further information please contact Mr. Anthony Bush at (954) 926-4032 (office)
or (954) 926-4031 (cell).
3. Florida Atlantic University, Center of Excellence in Ocean Energy Technology
(CEOET), Dania Beach, Florida, has deployed/installed one (1) Acoustic Doppler
Current Profiler (ADCP) buoy offshore Hollywood, Florida.
The approximate positions of the ADCP buoy are:
26 deg 1.5N 079
deg 50.25W in 325 meters of water
The
325 m ADCP buoy measures 45" in diameter and will be suspended approximately
8 meters from the ocean floor. The 325 m buoy is connected to a 4 meter wire
cable to an acoustic release and a steel clump anchor weighing approximately
3000 lbs. Both ADCP buoys will be recovered by September 1, 2008 by firing
the acoustic release. Both steel clump anchors will be abandoned in place.
For further information please contact Ms Shirley Ravenna at (954) 924-7173.
Changes in Danger Marker Lights:
From the 7th District LNM 30:
CAPRI PASS SHOAL LIGHT characteristic will be change to a Flashing White 4s
displaying NW on a pile worded -DANGER SHOAL-. Nominal range will be 5NM. The
work is schedule to be completed the week of 18 August 2008.
The following change will be made to the aids to navigation system in the
ICW at Dania Sound.
DANIA SOUND DANGER LIGHT characteristic will be change to a Flashing White
2.5s displaying NW on a pile worded –DANGER ROCKS-. Nominal range will
be 5NM. The work is schedule to be completed the week of 18 August 2008.
Southwest Florida:
The 7th
District LNM 29 reports extensive shoaling in the Wiggins Pass Inlet Entrance
Channel between Wiggins Pass Daybeacon 1 and Wiggins Pass Daybeacon 2. Water
depth has been reported at 3 feet. Collier County intends to dredge the permitted
channel after turtle nesting season ending November 1, 2008. All mariners are
advised to exercise caution while transiting the area.
Florida Bridge
Update: From
the USCG 7th District LNM 30:
Bridge
of Lions, St. Augustine: Construction continues and the Coast Guard
has approved another closure of the ICW channel. Starting July 21 through
July 25, 2008, the waterway will be closed from 7:00 a.m. till 6:30 p.m.
There will be two openings during that time: 1:00 and 1:30 p.m.
Woolbright
Road Bridge (Mile 1036.0): Repairs are underway until September 9,
2008. The bridge will remain operational for marine traffic.
Spanish
Boulevard Bridge (Mile 1044.9, Boca Raton, FL): The Coast Guard is
changing the regulations of this bridge due to repairs. This work will require
single-leaf operations on the hour and half-hour with a three hour advance
notice to the bridge tender (561 395 5417) for a double-leaf opening. The
vertical clearance will be reduced by five feet due to the placement of containment
equipment. Dates: 8:00 a.m. on June 15-6:00 p.m. on December 8, 2008. In
case of emergencies the bridge will open as soon as practicable.
East Sunrise Boulevard Bridge, Mile 1062.6: Expect delays at the
East Sunrise Boulevard Bridge, Mile 1062.6, Ft. Lauderdale, during the week
of August 18, 2008 due to snooper truck repairs. Between August 25 and September
5, from 9:00 a.m. till 4:00 p.m., Monday-Friday, this bridge will have only
hourly openings, at the top of the hour.
5th
Street Bridge, Miami River: Bridge construction of the 5th Street
Bridge across the Miami River, Mile 1.5, will begin approximately July 7,
2008. Waterway restrictions/closures will be published in future Local Notices
to Mariners.
NW
12th Avenue Bridge, Miami River: Construction continues. Between
now and September 15 workers will begin erecting steel in the south pier.
It will protrude slightly into the river. On December 3, 2008 the second
and final 72 hour closure will take place to conduct the toe lift.
Johns
Pass, FL. West Coast: Due to construction this bridge will be closed
to navigation from 1:00 a.m. to 11:00 a.m. each day, Monday through Friday
until August 31, 2008. The channel under the Johns Pass Bridge will be closed
to marine traffic for approximately 30 minutes at 1:a.m. and 10:00 a.m. each
day to raise and lower the bridge leafs.
This information
is not to be used for navigation. Consult the latest charts and Local Notices
to Mariners and use prudent seamanship. Conditions may change. Any person or
entity that uses this information in any way, as a condition of that use, agrees
to waive and does waive and also hold authors harmless from any and all claims
which may arise from or be related to that use.
Copyright 2004-2008 Tom Neale
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